Potassium (K) is an alkali metal placed at the very top of the reactivity series. It reacts violently with water and air, requiring storage in kerosene. Gold, silver, and copper are noble or less reactive metals placed at the bottom of the series, often found in the free state.
Explanation:
Fertilizer grade is expressed as N-P₂O₅-K₂O percentage by mass. So 15-15-15 means 15% N, 15% P₂O₅ (not elemental P), and 15% K₂O (not elemental K). To convert P₂O₅ to P, multiply by 0.44; K₂O to K by 0.83. This is a balanced compound fertilizer providing all three primary macronutrients.
Explanation:
Saponification is the hydrolysis of triglycerides (fats/oils) with NaOH or KOH to produce glycerol and the sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids, which are soaps. Esterification is the formation of esters from acid and alcohol. Emulsification is the dispersion of one liquid in another. Hydrogenation is addition of H₂. Hard soaps use NaOH, soft soaps use KOH. Soaps clean by micelle formation.
Explanation:
The Ostwald process is the industrial method for manufacturing nitric acid (HNO₃). It involves the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH₃) to nitric oxide (NO), which is then further oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and absorbed in water to form concentrated nitric acid.
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