Beats occur when two sound waves of slightly different frequencies interfere, causing periodic variation in amplitude (loudness). Beat frequency = |f₁ - f₂|. This is a superposition/interference phenomenon. Reflection, refraction, diffraction don't produce beats. Memory tip: 'Beats = interference of close frequencies; used in tuning instruments'. This conceptual question tests wave superposition understanding, frequently examined in competitive exams. Always distinguish beats (amplitude modulation) from resonance (amplitude increase at natural frequency).
Explanation:
In Simple Harmonic Motion (like a swinging pendulum), velocity is maximum when the particle passes through its equilibrium or mean position. Since Kinetic Energy = ½mv², KE is maximum at the mean position. At the extreme positions, the velocity is briefly zero, meaning kinetic energy is zero and potential energy is maximum.
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