The phenomenon of total internal reflection is used in:
A. Diamond cutting
B. Optical fibers
C. Neither
D. Both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Total internal reflection (TIR) is exploited in optical fibers for light transmission with minimal loss (core-cladding interface). In diamonds, high refractive index (n≈2.4) gives small critical angle (~24°), so most light undergoes TIR, enhancing brilliance through multiple reflections. Memory aid: 'TIR applications: optical fibers (communication), diamonds (sparkle), prisms (binoculars)'. This application question tests optics uses, frequently appearing in competitive exams. Always link physical principles to technological applications; competitive exams emphasize practical relevance of theoretical concepts.
Explanation:
Electromagnetic induction (changing magnetic flux induces EMF) is the principle behind generators (mechanical energy to electrical) and transformers (AC voltage conversion). Electric motors work on the reverse principle: force on current-carrying conductor in magnetic field. Memory aid: 'Induction applications: generators, transformers, induction cooktops; motors use motor effect'. This application question tests electromagnetism fundamentals, frequently examined in competitive exams. Always distinguish induction (generator/transformer) from motor effect (motor); competitive exams often combine both in device-based questions.
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