Calorific value is the amount of heat energy released per unit mass or volume of a fuel completely burned. Common units: J/kg, kJ/kg, kcal/kg, Btu/lb. It indicates fuel quality. Hydrogen has ~142 MJ/kg.
Explanation:
Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. Solids have the least intermolecular space and highest density. Gases have maximum intermolecular space and are highly compressible. This relates directly to the kinetic theory of matter, which describes particle arrangement and movement in different states.
Explanation:
Carbon-14 (half-life ~5730 years) is used to determine the age of archaeological and geological organic samples up to ~50,000 years. Cobalt-60 for cancer; Am-241 for smoke detectors.
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