In PCl₅, phosphorus forms five covalent bonds with five chlorine atoms. Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons (3s²3p³), and by using d-orbitals, it can expand its octet to accommodate 5 bonds. Thus its covalency is 5. In PCl₃, it is 3. Valency is the number of bonds formed. The oxidation state of P in PCl₅ is +5.
Explanation:
Amorphous solids like glass do not have a sharp melting point; they soften over a range of temperatures. Crystalline solids have sharp melting points and long-range order. Glass is an insulator.
Explanation:
Galvanization is coating iron or steel with a thin layer of zinc to prevent rusting. Zinc acts as a sacrificial anode—it corrodes preferentially (being more reactive) even if the coating is scratched, protecting the underlying iron. Tin coating (tin plating) protects only if the layer is intact. Chromium plating provides a shiny surface and corrosion resistance but works differently. Galvanized iron is used for roofing sheets, buckets, etc.
Explanation:
Terylene is a synthetic fiber belonging to the polyester family. Chemically, it is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), formed by the condensation polymerization of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. It is widely used in textiles, plastic bottles, and recording tapes.
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