Torricelli's Law states that the velocity of efflux of a fluid through a sharp-edged hole at the bottom of a tank filled to a depth 'h' is identical to: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Resolving power (minimum resolvable distance) d = λ/(2NA), where NA is numerical aperture. Oil immersion increases NA by matching refractive index between slide and objective, reducing light refraction and increasing light collection. Longer wavelength (A) decreases resolving power; decreasing NA (C) worsens resolution; magnification (D) doesn't affect fundamental resolution limit. Memory aid: 'Higher NA or shorter λ ⇒ better resolution'. This application question tests optical instrument knowledge, common in competitive exams. Always link resolution to wave nature of light (diffraction limit) and instrument design factors.

Explanation:
Magnetic field lines form concentric circles around a straight current-carrying wire, with direction given by right-hand thumb rule (thumb in current direction, fingers curl in field direction). This is derived from Biot-Savart law or Ampère's circuital law. Memory tip: 'Right-hand rule: thumb = current, fingers = field circles'. This fundamental field pattern is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always visualize field direction: for current toward you, field lines are counterclockwise. Distinguish from solenoid field (axial inside) or bar magnet (dipole pattern).

Explanation:
Seismograph records seismic waves. Richter scale quantifies magnitude.