Explanation:
Electric potential V at a point is defined as work done per unit charge to bring a test charge from infinity to that point: V = W/q. Thus potential difference between two points is work per unit charge to move between them. Electric field intensity is force per unit charge; potential energy is work to assemble charges; capacitance is charge storage ability. Memory tip: 'Potential = work per unit charge; field = force per unit charge'. This definition-based question tests electrostatics fundamentals, frequently appearing in competitive exams. Always distinguish potential (scalar, work/charge) from field (vector, force/charge).
Explanation:
The maximum height H = (u^2 * sin^2(theta)) / 2g. The horizontal range R = (u^2 * sin(2theta)) / g. For an angle of 45 degrees, sin(45) = 1/sqrt(2) and sin(90) = 1. H = (u^2 * 0.5) / 2g = u^2 / 4g. R = u^2 / g. Therefore, H/R = (u^2/4g) / (u^2/g) = 1/4. The ratio is 1:4.
Explanation:
Most solar cells use silicon (monocrystalline or polycrystalline). Other materials: gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride. Silicon is semiconductor, abundant, efficient. Converts sunlight to electricity.
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