a = constant ⇒ v = u + at (linear in t). Slope = acceleration. Memory tip: 'v-t slope = acceleration; area = displacement'. Graph interpretation frequently tested in competitive kinematics sections.
Explanation:
Convection: movement of fluid due to density differences caused by temperature. Hot fluid rises, cold sinks, creating currents. Land/sea breeze, trade winds. Conduction in solids primarily.
Explanation:
Potentiometer uses null method: at balance, no current flows through cell, so measured voltage equals true EMF (no internal resistance drop). Memory aid: 'Null method ⇒ zero current ⇒ accurate EMF measurement'. Experimental physics concept frequently tested in competitive exams to verify understanding of precision measurement techniques.
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