Which catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils?
A. Platinum
B. Iron
C. Nickel
D. Vanadium pentoxide
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Finely divided nickel catalyzes the addition of hydrogen to liquid oils to form solid fats (vanaspati ghee). Platinum/palladium also work but are expensive. Iron is used in Haber process; V₂O₅ in Contact process.
Explanation:
The number of half-lives elapsed is 30 days / 10 days = 3. The fraction remaining is (1/2)ⁿ, where n is the number of half-lives. So, (1/2)³ = 1/8. After 10 days: 1/2; after 20 days: 1/4; after 30 days: 1/8 of the original amount remains.
Explanation:
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) neutralizes excess stomach acid (HCl) and provides relief from acidity. It is a mild base. NaOH is too strong and corrosive. NaCl is table salt; CaSO₄ is used in plaster of Paris.
Explanation:
A Lewis acid is a chemical species that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. BF3 has an incomplete octet on the boron atom (only 6 electrons), making it an electron-deficient molecule and a strong Lewis acid. NH3, H2O, and OH- have lone pairs and act as Lewis bases.
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