Which of the following acids is considered a strong acid?
A. Acetic acid
B. Carbonic acid
C. Hydrochloric acid
D. Citric acid
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates completely in water, making it a strong acid. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), and citric acid are weak acids—they partially ionize. Other strong acids: H₂SO₄ (first dissociation), HNO₃, HBr, HI, HClO₄. Strong acids have very large Ka values. pH of 0.1 M HCl is about 1.
Explanation:
Fajan's rules state that covalent character in an ionic bond increases with greater polarizing power of the cation and greater polarizability of the anion. A small cation has high charge density (high polarizing power), and a large anion has loosely held outer electrons (high polarizability), favoring covalency.
Explanation:
Fractional distillation is specifically designed to separate miscible liquids whose boiling points differ by less than 25 K. It uses a fractionating column which provides surfaces for repeated evaporation and condensation, enriching the vapor with the more volatile component before it reaches the condenser.
Explanation:
Bakelite is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin with excellent heat resistance and electrical insulation properties, making it suitable for switches, handles, and electrical fittings. Polythene and PVC are thermoplastics that soften on heating. Polystyrene is brittle and not highly heat resistant. Thermosets do not melt upon reheating.
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