Which of the following compounds contains a coordinate covalent bond?
A. Cl₂
B. H₂O
C. NaCl
D. NH₄⁺
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
In the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺), the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH₃) shares its lone pair of electrons with a hydrogen ion (H⁺) which has no electrons. This type of bond, where both shared electrons are donated by a single atom, is a coordinate covalent (dative) bond.
Explanation:
Carbon monoxide (CO) has a triple bond. In the formation, oxygen, with two lone pairs, donates one lone pair to form a coordinate bond with carbon after normal double bond formation, resulting in a structure :C≡O:. Thus oxygen donates the pair. This satisfies the octet for both.
Explanation:
Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) consists of NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. Ionic bond between NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻. Within NH₄⁺, N-H are covalent bonds, with one coordinate bond formed by donation of N's lone pair to H⁺. So all three bond types are present. NaCl purely ionic. CO₂ purely covalent. CH₄ purely covalent.
Explanation:
CaSO₄·½H₂O readily absorbs moisture to set to CaSO₄·2H₂O (gypsum), becoming hard and useless for molding. So it must be kept dry. Reaction: CaSO₄·½H₂O + 1½H₂O → CaSO₄·2H₂O.
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