Which of the following has the highest specific heat capacity? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Relative error = (Absolute error) / (Measured value) = 0.005 / 12.345 ≈ 0.000405. Converting to percentage: 0.000405 × 100% ≈ 0.0405% ≈ 0.04%. Relative error quantifies precision independent of measurement scale. Absolute error (±0.005) indicates instrument precision. This concept is vital for comparing measurement reliability across different magnitudes. Memory tip: Percentage error = (Absolute error / True value) × 100. Competitive exams often test this calculation with varying significant figures to assess numerical proficiency.

Explanation:
T = 2π√(l/g): depends on l and g, independent of mass (gravitational and inertial mass cancel). Memory aid: 'Pendulum: T ∝ √(l/g); independent of mass for small angles'. Oscillations concept frequently tested in competitive exams.

Explanation:
Ionization energy is energy to remove electron from ground state to infinity, 13.6 eV.