Natural gas (mainly methane) is a fossil fuel formed from ancient organic matter. Biogas is a renewable fuel from recent organic waste. Hydrogen is an energy carrier, not a fossil fuel. Solar energy is renewable.
Explanation:
Water self-ionizes: H₂O ⇌ H⁺ + OH⁻. At 25°C, [H⁺] = [OH⁻] = 10⁻⁷ mol/L, so Kw = 10⁻¹⁴ and pH = pOH = 7. A solution is neutral when [H⁺] = [OH⁻]. pH 7 is neutral only at 25°C; at higher temperatures, Kw increases, pH of neutrality drops but still [H⁺]=[OH⁻].
Explanation:
In the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺), the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH₃) shares its lone pair of electrons with a hydrogen ion (H⁺) which has no electrons. This type of bond, where both shared electrons are donated by a single atom, is a coordinate covalent (dative) bond.
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