Which of the following is an example of oxidation?
A. 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂
B. Cl₂ + 2e⁻ → 2Cl⁻
C. Na → Na⁺ + e⁻
D. Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Oxidation is loss of electrons. Na loses an electron to become Na⁺, so it is oxidized. Options A, C, D involve gain of electrons (reduction). Oxidation also can be defined as gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. In the reaction, Na acts as reducing agent. Mnemonic: LEO (Loss of Electrons is Oxidation) GER (Gain of Electrons is Reduction).
Explanation:
Soap is made by saponification: fat/oil (triglyceride) + NaOH → glycerol + sodium salt of fatty acid (soap). This is an alkaline hydrolysis. HCl would break down differently. NaCl is used to precipitate soap (salting out). Ethanol is solvent.
Explanation:
Artificial transmutation is the conversion of a chemical element or an isotope into another through a nuclear reaction induced by bombarding it with high-energy particles (like alpha particles, protons, or neutrons). This was first achieved by Rutherford in 1919 when he converted nitrogen into oxygen.
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