Which of the following scientists is known for the discovery of the proton?
A. J. J. Thomson
B. James Chadwick
C. Eugen Goldstein
D. Ernest Rutherford
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Ernest Rutherford is generally credited with the discovery of the proton in 1919 through the nuclear reaction: ¹⁴N + α particle → ¹⁷O + proton. Eugen Goldstein earlier observed canal rays (positive rays) which were later identified as protons by Rutherford. Thomson discovered electron, Chadwick neutron. So Rutherford is the accepted discoverer.
Explanation:
Alpha particles (α) are positively charged particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons, identical to the nucleus of a helium-4 atom (He²⁺). They are emitted during alpha decay of heavy radioactive elements like uranium and radium.
Explanation:
Centrifugation spins the mixture at high speed, causing denser particles (skimmed milk) to settle at the bottom while lighter cream floats on top. This is based on density differences. Distillation is for liquids, filtration for insoluble solids, sublimation for sublimable solids.
Explanation:
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) enzymes convert glucose to ethanol and CO₂ anaerobically. Bacteria produce lactic acid or acetic acid; algae are photosynthetic.
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