Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding metallic bonds?
A. They are responsible for the high electrical conductivity of metals.
B. They are highly directional in nature.
C. They involve a sea of delocalized electrons.
D. They explain the malleability and ductility of metals.
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Metallic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalized valence electrons. These bonds are non-directional, which allows the metal ions to slide past one another without breaking the bond, explaining malleability and ductility. Therefore, statement C is incorrect.
Explanation:
Marble is primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). It reacts with acid rain (containing H₂SO₄ and HNO₃) to form soluble salts, causing erosion: CaCO₃ + H₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + H₂O + CO₂. This is why monuments like Taj Mahal are affected. CaCO₃ is basic, so it neutralizes acid. Restoration and pollution control are needed to protect heritage.
Explanation:
Ductility is the property of metals by which they can be drawn into thin wires. Gold, silver, and copper are highly ductile. Malleability is the ability to be beaten into thin sheets. Sonority is the property of producing a ringing sound when struck. Conductivity refers to heat or electricity.
Explanation:
Diamond, with its tetrahedral covalent network, is the hardest known natural material (Mohs 10). Graphite is soft; quartz is SiO₂, hardness 7.
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