Explanation:
Thermal radiation is the transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves (primarily infrared). Unlike conduction (which requires physical contact) or convection (which requires fluid movement), radiation can travel through a vacuum. This is how the heat from the Sun reaches the Earth through the vacuum of space.
Explanation:
A CRO uses an electron beam sweeping across a phosphorescent screen to create a visible graph. It is fundamentally a voltage-measuring instrument. The vertical deflection is directly proportional to the applied voltage, and the horizontal deflection is controlled by a time-base generator, allowing it to display voltage waveforms over time.
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