Seismograph detects and records ground motions caused by earthquakes, volcanic activity, or explosions. It measures seismic waves (P-waves, S-waves). Barometer detects pressure changes; hydrophone detects underwater sound; magnetometer detects magnetic fields. Memory tip: 'Seismo = earthquake (like seismology)'. This instrument-application question tests knowledge of geophysical tools, frequently examined in competitive exams. Always associate instrument names with their field of use: seismograph (geology), barometer (meteorology), etc.
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