According to the Universal Law of Gravitation, the force of attraction between two bodies is inversely proportional to: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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According to the Universal Law of Gravitation, the force of attraction between two bodies is inversely proportional to:

A. The sum of their masses.

B. The square of the distance between their centers.

C. The distance between them.

D. The product of their masses.

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that the gravitational force (F) between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses (m1 × m2) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r²) between their centers. The mathematical formula is F = G(m1m2)/r².

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Which of the following statements is perfectly true regarding uniform circular motion?

A. Velocity is constant but speed changes.

B. Both speed and velocity are constant.

C. Both speed and velocity change continuously.

D. Speed is constant but velocity changes continuously.

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
In uniform circular motion, the magnitude of velocity (speed) remains constant. However, the direction of motion is continuously changing tangentially at every point on the circular path. Since velocity is a vector quantity (requiring both magnitude and direction), a change in direction means the velocity is changing continuously, resulting in an accelerated motion.

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Question #2

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The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator is defined as:

A. Heat rejected / Work input

B. Heat extracted / Work input

C. Work input / Heat extracted

D. Work input / Heat rejected

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Coefficient of performance (COP) for refrigerator: COP = Q₂ / W, where Q₂ is heat extracted from cold reservoir, W is work input. By energy conservation, Q₁ = Q₂ + W (heat rejected to hot reservoir). COP > 1 typically. Option A is inverse; C and D relate to heat engine efficiency. Memory aid: 'Refrigerator COP = desired output (cooling) / work input'. This thermodynamics definition is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always distinguish refrigerator COP (cooling effect per work) from heat engine efficiency (work output per heat input).

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