Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin, from: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Golgi apparatus consists of cisternae that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids received from the ER for secretion or delivery to other organelles. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is the primary site for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids and steroids. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has ribosomes attached and is primarily involved in protein synthesis, not lipid synthesis. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for the synthesis of rhodopsin, the visual pigment in rod cells responsible for low-light vision. Deficiency leads to night blindness (nyctalopia) and, if severe, xerophthalmia and permanent blindness. Vitamin B₁ deficiency causes beriberi, C scurvy, D rickets.

Explanation:
Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) is a reproductive technology used in cattle to rapidly multiply the offspring of superior females. Artificial insemination (AI) allows farmers to use semen from genetically superior bulls without keeping the animal, improving herd quality. Crossbreeding involves mating animals of different breeds to combine desirable traits and increase heterozygosity, thereby increasing, not reducing, genetic diversity in the population. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.