Explanation:
Potentiometer uses null method: at balance, no current flows through cell, so measured voltage equals true EMF (no internal resistance drop). Memory aid: 'Null method ⇒ zero current ⇒ accurate EMF measurement'. Experimental physics concept frequently tested in competitive exams to verify understanding of precision measurement techniques.
Explanation:
Sound requires material medium for mechanical wave propagation. Vacuum lacks particles to transmit vibrations. Light (EM wave) travels through vacuum. Memory tip: 'Sound = mechanical wave ⇒ needs medium; light = EM wave ⇒ no medium needed'. Fundamental wave property frequently tested in competitive exams to assess medium-dependence understanding.
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