Consider statements about human diseases: 1. Typhoid is caused by a bacterium. 2. Malaria is caused by a protozoan. 3. Dengue is caused by a virus. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about human diseases: 1. Typhoid is caused by a bacterium. 2. Malaria is caused by a protozoan. 3. Dengue is caused by a virus. Which are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Typhoid fever is a systemic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, transmitted through contaminated food and water. Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium (like P. falciparum), transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Dengue fever is a viral infection caused by the Dengue virus (a flavivirus), transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. All three statements correctly identify the causative agents of these major diseases.

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Question #1

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Which of the following is a trace element essential for human nutrition?

A. Calcium

B. Iron

C. Sodium

D. Phosphorus

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Iron is a trace mineral (micronutrient) needed in small amounts for hemoglobin and myoglobin function. Calcium and phosphorus are macro-minerals required in larger amounts for bones. Sodium is a major extracellular electrolyte. Trace elements include iron, zinc, copper, iodine, selenium, manganese, etc. Iron deficiency causes anemia. Iron is absorbed in duodenum and stored as ferritin.

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Question #2

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is known for being the first to observe:

A. Mitochondria

B. Cell division

C. Chromosomes

D. Living cells (animalcules)

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch linen merchant and amateur scientist, is known as the 'father of microbiology'. Using his own handcrafted, high-quality single-lens microscopes, he was the first person to observe and describe living, single-celled organisms, which he called 'animalcules' (little animals). These included bacteria, protozoa, and sperm cells, in the late 17th century.

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Question #3

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The volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing is called:

A. Total lung capacity

B. Tidal volume

C. Residual volume

D. Vital capacity

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Tidal volume (TV) is the amount of air breathed in or out in one normal respiratory cycle, about 500 mL in a healthy adult. Vital capacity is the maximum air exhaled after a maximum inspiration. Total lung capacity is the total volume of air lungs can hold. Residual volume is the air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration to prevent alveolar collapse.

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