Consider the following statements: 1. A buffer solution resists changes in pH upon adding small amounts of acid or base. 2. A buffer is made of a strong acid and its conjugate base. Which is/are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Consider the following statements: 1. A buffer solution resists changes in pH upon adding small amounts of acid or base. 2. A buffer is made of a strong acid and its conjugate base. Which is/are correct?
A. 2 only
B. Both 1 and 2
C. Neither 1 nor 2
D. 1 only
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
A buffer solution maintains a relatively constant pH when small amounts of strong acid or base are added. However, it is typically composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). A strong acid completely dissociates and cannot form a buffer system. Thus, only statement 1 is correct.
Explanation:
Aluminium is highly reactive; its oxide cannot be reduced by carbon. Hall-Héroult process electrolyzes alumina dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) using carbon anodes.
Explanation:
Chlorine produced in the chlor-alkali process is used to manufacture PVC (polyvinyl chloride), bleaching powder, disinfectants, and solvents. Glass uses Na₂CO₃. Fertilizers use NH₃ and acids. Steel making uses oxygen. Chlorine is a versatile industrial chemical with many downstream products.
Explanation:
The Contact process produces sulphuric acid: S + O₂ → SO₂; 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃ (V₂O₅ catalyst); SO₃ + H₂SO₄ → H₂S₂O₇ (oleum); H₂S₂O₇ + H₂O → 2H₂SO₄. Haber process for NH₃, Ostwald for HNO₃, Solvay for Na₂CO₃.
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