Consider the following statements about DNA fingerprinting: 1. It uses VNTRs (variable number tandem repeats). 2. It can be used in paternity testing. 3. It requires amplification by PCR. Which of the above is/are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Osteomalacia is the softening of bones in adults due to vitamin D deficiency, leading to inadequate mineralization of bone matrix. In children, the equivalent is rickets. Vitamin D aids calcium absorption. Deficiency may result from poor dietary intake, lack of sunlight, or malabsorption. Bones become weak and prone to fractures.

Explanation:
Reflex actions are rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli, primarily coordinated by the spinal cord without immediate brain involvement. The reflex arc includes receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron (in spinal cord), motor neuron, and effector. The brain is later informed. Examples: withdrawal of hand on touching a hot object. The medulla controls autonomic functions like breathing. The cerebrum handles conscious thought, cerebellum coordination.

Explanation:
John Gibbon developed the heart-lung machine and performed the first successful open-heart surgery using it in 1953. Barnard did first heart transplant.