Inspiration (inhalation) occurs when the intra-pulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure. This is achieved by the contraction of the diaphragm, which flattens and moves downwards, and the contraction of external intercostal muscles, which lift the ribs and sternum. This increases the thoracic volume and lung capacity, drawing air in. Expiration involves relaxation of these muscles.
Consider the following statements about biodiversity:
1. Biodiversity includes genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.
2. Hotspots are regions with high endemism and habitat loss.
3. The Western Ghats is a biodiversity hotspot.
Which of the above is/are correct?
Explanation:
Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma. Chloroplasts are only in plants/algae; thylakoids stack into grana; cristae are in mitochondria; 70S ribosomes are in stroma, not membrane.
Explanation:
Chief (peptic) cells secrete pepsinogen, which is activated to pepsin by HCl. Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Goblet cells secrete mucus.
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