Coulomb's law: E = kq/r² ⇒ E ∝ 1/r². Inverse square law fundamental to electrostatics and gravitation. Memory tip: 'Point charge field: inverse square; double distance ⇒ field becomes 1/4'. Electrostatics concept frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
Polarization requires transverse waves. Sound in air is longitudinal (oscillations ∥ propagation) ⇒ cannot be polarized. EM waves (light, radio, X-rays) are transverse ⇒ can be polarized. Memory tip: 'Polarization ⇒ transverse only; sound = longitudinal ⇒ no polarization'. Wave property frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
Atomic number Z = number of protons. Defines chemical element. Mass number = protons + neutrons. Isotopes same Z, different neutrons. Isobars same A, different Z.
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