Rectifier (diode bridge) converts AC to DC. Inverter DC to AC. Transformer changes AC voltage level. Oscillator generates AC signal. Electronic devices often need DC.
Explanation:
Kinetic Energy (K) is given by K = p^2 / 2m. If momentum (p) increases by 100%, the new momentum is p' = p + 1.0p = 2p. The new kinetic energy is K' = (2p)^2 / 2m = 4(p^2 / 2m) = 4K. The increase is 4K - K = 3K. Percentage increase = (3K/K) * 100 = 300%.
Explanation:
Average Earth-Sun distance (1 AU) ≈ 1.5×10¹¹ m. Speed of light c = 3×10⁸ m/s. Time t = distance/speed = 1.5×10¹¹ / 3×10⁸ = 500 seconds ≈ 8.33 minutes ≈ 8 minutes. This is a standard astronomical fact. Memory aid: 'Sunlight takes 8 minutes to reach Earth; we see the Sun as it was 8 minutes ago'. This factual knowledge question tests awareness of scale in physics, frequently appearing in competitive exams. Always recall key constants: Earth-Sun distance, light speed, for quick estimations.
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