Faraday's second law of electrolysis relates the masses of different substances deposited to their:
A. Densities
B. Molecular masses
C. Equivalent weights
D. Atomic masses
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Faraday's second law: When the same quantity of electricity is passed through different electrolytes, the masses of substances deposited are proportional to their equivalent weights (E). m₁/m₂ = E₁/E₂. Equivalent weight = atomic mass / valency (or change in oxidation number). This law is used to calculate the amount of metal deposited or gas liberated. Electrolysis is quantitative.
Explanation:
Oxygen (atomic number 8) has electronic configuration 2,6. It needs 2 more electrons to complete its octet. In water (H₂O), it shares two electrons (one each with two hydrogen atoms), forming two covalent bonds. Hence valency = 2. Oxidation number is -2.
Explanation:
Joseph Proust proposed the law of definite proportions (constant composition) – a given compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass. Dalton's theory explained it. Lavoisier gave law of conservation of mass. Rutherford discovered nucleus.
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