Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is defined as: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Vitamin K and some B vitamins (like biotin) are synthesized by the normal microflora of the large intestine. However, the amount may be insufficient to meet total needs. Vitamin A, C, and D must be obtained from diet or sunlight. Gut bacteria contribute to vitamin K for clotting factors.

Explanation:
Vaccination (immunization) involves administering killed or attenuated pathogens, or their antigens, to induce active artificial immunity without causing disease. It primes the immune system to produce memory cells. Antibiosis is inhibition by another organism, immunotherapy treats disease by modulating immune response, chemotherapy uses drugs against cancer or microbes.

Explanation:
The gall bladder, a small pear-shaped sac under the liver, stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the duodenum in response to cholecystokinin (CCK). The liver makes bile, pancreas secretes enzymes, duodenum is the entry point.