Explanation:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is commonly used for pickling (cleaning) steel to remove rust and scale (iron oxides) before further processing like galvanizing or plating. Reaction: Fe₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂O. Sulfuric acid is also used. Nitric acid is an oxidizer and would passivate some metals. Acetic acid is too weak.
Explanation:
Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated compounds (like alkenes or alkynes) in the presence of a catalyst (like Ni, Pd, or Pt) to form saturated compounds (alkanes). For example, ethene + H₂ → ethane. This process is widely used in the food industry to solidify vegetable oils.
Explanation:
Nitric acid (HNO₃) is used for nitration reactions to produce explosives such as TNT (trinitrotoluene), nitroglycerin, and dynamite. Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst/dehydrating agent in nitration mixtures (mixed acid). HCl is used for cleaning and chemical synthesis. Acetic acid is organic acid. Nitric acid provides nitro groups (-NO₂).
No comments yet. Be the first to start the discussion!