Explanation:
Graham's law: Rate of diffusion/effusion ∝ 1/√M, where M is molar mass. Lighter gases diffuse faster. At same T and P, rates of two gases r₁/r₂ = √(M₂/M₁). Example: NH₃ (17 g/mol) diffuses faster than HCl (36.5 g/mol). This law is used in isotope separation (e.g., ²³⁵UF₆ vs ²³⁸UF₆). The law assumes no intermolecular forces and identical conditions.
Explanation:
In any electrochemical cell, the anode is defined as the electrode where oxidation (loss of electrons) takes place, and the cathode is where reduction (gain of electrons) occurs. In an electrolytic cell, the anode is positively charged, attracting anions which then lose electrons.
Explanation:
Oxidation is loss of electrons, increase in oxidation number, or gain of oxygen/loss of hydrogen. Reduction is gain of electrons. Mnemonic: OIL RIG (Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain).
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