In the five-kingdom classification, bacteria are placed in the kingdom:
A. Plantae
B. Protista
C. Fungi
D. Monera
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
R.H. Whittaker's five-kingdom classification (1969) categorizes organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera includes all prokaryotes—bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaebacteria—characterized by lack of true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Protista includes unicellular eukaryotes. Fungi are multicellular saprophytes. Plantae are autotrophic eukaryotes. Monera is the only kingdom of prokaryotes in this system.
Explanation:
Passive diffusion is the net movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without energy. Osmosis is water diffusion, active transport uses energy, endocytosis is vesicular uptake.
Explanation:
Nitrification is a two-step process: oxidation of ammonia to nitrites by bacteria like Nitrosomonas, and then nitrites to nitrates by Nitrobacter. Ammonification is the release of ammonia from organic matter. Denitrification reduces nitrates to N₂ gas. Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric N₂ to ammonia. Nitrification makes nitrogen available to plants as nitrates, which are easily absorbed.
Explanation:
Guttation is the exudation of water droplets containing dissolved salts from hydathodes at leaf margins, occurring under high humidity and low transpiration, due to root pressure. Transpiration is loss of water vapor through stomata. Bleeding is oozing of sap from cut plant parts. Translocation is transport of organic solutes. Guttation is visible as morning dew drops.
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