In the five-kingdom classification, bacteria are placed in the kingdom:
A. Monera
B. Plantae
C. Protista
D. Fungi
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
R.H. Whittaker's five-kingdom classification (1969) categorizes organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera includes all prokaryotes—bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaebacteria—characterized by lack of true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Protista includes unicellular eukaryotes. Fungi are multicellular saprophytes. Plantae are autotrophic eukaryotes. Monera is the only kingdom of prokaryotes in this system.
Explanation:
Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) gives bones and teeth their hardness. Phosphorus is also a component of ATP, DNA, and cell membranes. Dairy products, meat, and nuts are good sources.
Explanation:
Vaccination introduces antigens (weakened or killed pathogens) to stimulate the body's own immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells without causing disease. This is artificial active immunity. Natural active immunity is acquired by recovering from infection. Artificial passive immunity is direct administration of antibodies (e.g., antiserum). Natural passive immunity is transfer of maternal antibodies to fetus.
Explanation:
Vitamin D (calcitriol) stimulates the production of calcium-binding proteins in the intestinal lining, enhancing calcium absorption. Deficiency leads to rickets/osteomalacia. Vitamin A is for vision, C for collagen, B₁₂ for nerve function.
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