Light year: distance light travels in one year in vacuum ≈ 9.46×10¹⁵ m. Astronomical distance unit, not time. Memory aid: 'Light year = speed × time = distance'. Unit knowledge frequently tested in competitive exams to avoid common misconception about light year being time unit.
Explanation:
E ∝ ν: higher frequency ⇒ higher photon energy. Gamma rays (high ν) more energetic than radio waves (low ν). Memory aid: 'E = hν; blue light photons more energetic than red'. Quantum physics relation frequently tested in competitive exams.
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