Marasmus is a disease of severe malnutrition characterized by:
A. Edema and fatty liver
B. Overall wasting of body tissues and severe calorie-protein deficiency
C. Bone deformities
D. Bleeding gums
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition caused by a deficiency of both calories and protein. It results in extreme wasting of muscle and subcutaneous fat, making the child look emaciated or 'wasted'. Unlike kwashiorkor, marasmus typically does not present with edema. The child is extremely weak, has a 'old man' face, and is highly susceptible to infections.
Explanation:
A pyramid of numbers can be inverted when a single tree (producer) supports many herbivores, or many parasites live on a single host. Energy pyramids are always upright. Biomass pyramid can be inverted in aquatic systems.
Explanation:
Beriberi is a disease affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems due to lack of thiamine (B₁). Scurvy is vitamin C deficiency, pellagra is niacin (B₃), rickets is vitamin D. Thiamine is a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.
Explanation:
A sarcomere is the segment between two Z-lines (Z-discs) and is the basic contractile unit of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It contains actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments. Sarcolemma is the plasma membrane, sarcoplasm is cytoplasm, myofibril is a bundle of contractile filaments. Shortening of sarcomeres leads to muscle contraction per sliding filament theory.
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