Petroleum is separated into fractions by: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Normality (N) is related to molarity (M) by the formula N = M × n, where n is the n-factor (basicity for acids). Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a dibasic acid, meaning it can donate two protons (H+) per molecule. Therefore, its n-factor is 2. Normality = 0.1 M × 2 = 0.2 N.

Explanation:
Na (Z=11): K=2, L=8, M=1. Hence 2,8,1. One valence electron makes it Group 1, Period 3.

Explanation:
Soap is made by saponification of triglycerides (fats/oils) which are esters of glycerol and long-chain fatty acids (e.g., stearic, palmitic, oleic). The sodium salt gives hard soap, potassium gives soft soap. The long hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic) and carboxylate head (hydrophilic) provide cleaning action via micelle formation. Synthetic detergents are usually sodium salts of sulfonic acids or sulfate esters.