Sodium hydroxide is manufactured by the electrolysis of brine (NaCl solution). Which gas is produced at the anode?
A. Hydrogen
B. Nitrogen
C. Chlorine
D. Oxygen
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
In chlor-alkali process (electrolysis of concentrated NaCl solution), Cl⁻ ions are oxidized at the anode: 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻ (chlorine gas). At the cathode, H₂O is reduced: 2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂(g) + 2OH⁻, producing hydrogen gas and leaving NaOH in solution. The process uses a diaphragm or membrane cell to keep products separate. Chlorine is used for water treatment and PVC.
Explanation:
Inhibitors (negative catalysts) decrease reaction rate. Promoters enhance activity of a catalyst; activators increase effectiveness; autocatalysts are reaction products that catalyze the reaction.
Explanation:
Smelting is the pyrometallurgical process of extracting a metal from its ore by heating it beyond its melting point and reducing the metal oxide with a carbonaceous reducing agent (like coke or coal). Flux is often added to remove impurities as slag. Calcination and roasting are oxidation processes.
Explanation:
C₂H₄ (ethene) is an alkene with a carbon-carbon double bond, thus unsaturated. The general formula CnH₂n indicates an alkene or cycloalkane. C₃H₈, C₄H₁₀, C₅H₁₂ follow CnH₂n+2 and are saturated alkanes. Unsaturated compounds undergo addition reactions, whereas saturated undergo substitution.
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