SONAR works on the principle of MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The acceleration due to gravity is given by g = GM/R². For a small change, taking the derivative or using error approximation: Δg/g = -2(ΔR/R). If R shrinks by 1% (ΔR/R = -1%), then Δg/g = -2(-1%) = +2%. Therefore, the value of 'g' will increase by approximately 2%.

Explanation:
Assertion is true: in resistive AC circuits, V and I reach peaks simultaneously (phase difference 0°). Reason is true and explains A: resistors obey Ohm's law instantaneously (V=IR), with no energy storage mechanism (unlike capacitors/inductors that cause phase shifts via energy storage/release). Thus, no phase difference arises. Memory aid: 'Resistors: V and I in phase; Capacitors: I leads V; Inductors: V leads I'. This assertion-reason question tests AC circuit fundamentals, frequently examined. Always link phase behavior to energy storage properties of components.

Explanation:
Assertion true: a = -ω²x, max at max |x|. Reason true: F = -kx (Hooke's law), and F = ma ⇒ a ∝ -x. Reason correctly explains why acceleration peaks at extremes. Memory tip: 'SHM: F ∝ -x ⇒ a ∝ -x'. Assertion-reason testing SHM fundamentals, frequently examined in competitive exams.