The catalyst used in the hydrogenation of oils is:
A. Iron
B. Nickel
C. Vanadium pentoxide
D. Platinum
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Nickel (finely divided) catalyzes the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated vegetable oils to form solid vanaspati ghee. It provides surface for reaction. Platinum and palladium also work but are expensive. Iron is used in Haber process. V₂O₅ in Contact process.
Explanation:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O. This is a neutralization reaction producing sodium chloride (common salt). NaNO₃ from HNO₃, Na₂SO₄ from H₂SO₄, Na₂CO₃ from H₂CO₃ (weak acid).
Explanation:
Portland cement is made by heating a mixture of limestone (CaCO₃) and clay (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃) in a kiln. The resulting clinker is ground with gypsum. Soda ash and sand are for glass.
Explanation:
Na₂CO₃ reacts with Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ to form insoluble CaCO₃/MgCO₃, which are removed. This is permanent hardness removal. Boiling works for temporary hardness. Ion exchange is another method.
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