The cell wall of bacteria is primarily composed of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Hershey and Chase (1952) used radioactive isotopes (³²P and ³⁵S) to show that DNA, not protein, enters bacteria during T2 phage infection and is the genetic material. Avery et al. earlier showed transforming principle was DNA. Watson and Crick determined structure, Meselson-Stahl replication mode.

Explanation:
The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries enclosed by the Bowman's capsule, where ultrafiltration occurs due to high hydrostatic pressure in the afferent arteriole. It filters water, ions, glucose, amino acids, urea into Bowman's space. Proteins and cells are retained. Filtration is passive. The filtrate then passes through the tubules for processing. GFR is regulated by JGA.

Explanation:
Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a concept introduced in India (first in West Bengal in 1988) to address the problem of forest degradation. It involves establishing a partnership between the state forest departments and local communities living near the forests. The communities are given the responsibility to protect and manage the degraded forest lands in exchange for a share in the produce (like non-timber forest products, timber) and employment opportunities, fostering a sense of ownership and sustainable conservation.