Explanation:
Electric fields deflect charged particles via Coulomb forces (F=qE), and magnetic fields deflect moving charged particles via Lorentz forces (F=qvB). Gamma rays are purely high-energy electromagnetic photons. Because they lack any electrical charge (q=0), both electric and magnetic forces on them are exactly zero. Therefore, they pass through fields completely un-deflected. R explains A perfectly.
Explanation:
Binding energy per nucleon peaks around iron-56 (≈8.8 MeV/nucleon), making it the most stable nucleus. Lighter nuclei release energy via fusion; heavier via fission. Hydrogen has near-zero binding energy per nucleon; uranium ≈7.6 MeV/nucleon. Memory aid: 'Iron peak: most stable nucleus; fusion before, fission after'. This nuclear physics concept is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always link binding energy curve to energy release in stars (fusion) and reactors (fission).
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