The combining capacity of an element is called its:
A. Ionization energy
B. Valency
C. Mass number
D. Atomic number
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Valency is the number of electrons an atom can lose, gain, or share to achieve a stable octet. It determines the number of chemical bonds it can form. For example, carbon has valency 4, oxygen 2, chlorine 1. Atomic number is number of protons, mass number is protons+neutrons, ionization energy is energy required to remove electron.
Explanation:
Aluminium is highly reactive; its oxide cannot be reduced by carbon. Hall-Héroult process electrolyzes alumina dissolved in molten cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) using carbon anodes.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. It increases across a period and decreases down a group. Fluorine, located at the top right of the periodic table (Group 17, Period 2), has the smallest atomic radius and highest effective nuclear charge, giving it the highest electronegativity (3.98 on Pauling scale).
Explanation:
Cinnabar is HgS, the chief ore of mercury. Bauxite (Al), galena (Pb), magnetite (Fe). Mercury is extracted by roasting cinnabar in air: HgS + O₂ → Hg + SO₂.
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