Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) on heating with excess concentrated H₂SO₄ (dehydrating agent) at 170°C undergoes dehydration to give ethene (C₂H₄). This is an elimination reaction. Oxidation gives ethanoic acid; hydrogenation adds H₂; fermentation produces ethanol.
Explanation:
Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons, which typically occurs between two non-metal atoms that have high electronegativities and a tendency to gain electrons. Metals tend to lose electrons, forming ionic bonds with non-metals. Noble gases are generally inert and do not form bonds.
Explanation:
Graphite has a layered structure with weak van der Waals forces between layers and delocalized electrons within layers, making it a good conductor and lubricant. Diamond is the hardest; coal is amorphous carbon.
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