The disease caused by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The pineal gland, located in the brain, secretes melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. Its secretion increases in darkness.

Explanation:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises blood calcium by increasing bone resorption, kidney reabsorption, and activating vitamin D. Calcitonin lowers calcium. Thyroxine regulates metabolism, insulin glucose.

Explanation:
Essential amino acids (like lysine, tryptophan) cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. Dietary fiber (roughage) is indigestible plant material that adds bulk to stool, promotes peristalsis, and aids in digestion and preventing constipation. Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature (like butter); unsaturated fats are liquid (like oils). Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.