The enzyme that converts glucose to ethanol in yeast fermentation is:
A. Urease
B. Pepsin
C. Invertase
D. Zymase
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Zymase is the enzyme complex in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that catalyzes the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to ethanol and CO₂ (alcoholic fermentation). Invertase hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose. Urease acts on urea. Pepsin is a protease. Fermentation is used in baking and brewing industries. The overall equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂.
Explanation:
Peter Mitchell proposed the chemiosmotic theory (1961), explaining that a proton gradient across a membrane drives ATP synthesis. Krebs discovered the citric acid cycle, Calvin the Calvin cycle, Lipmann discovered coenzyme A.
Explanation:
Inhibin is a peptide hormone that is part of the negative feedback loop regulating the reproductive system. In males, it is secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes in response to high levels of testosterone and spermatogenesis. In females, it is secreted by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum. Its primary function is to selectively inhibit the secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland, without affecting LH secretion.
Explanation:
Guttation is the exudation of water droplets from hydathodes, driven by root pressure under high humidity and low transpiration conditions.
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