The form of energy that directly powers the synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts) are unique to plant cells and some protists. They are involved in photosynthesis, storage, and imparting color. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes are present in both plant and animal cells. The cell wall and large central vacuole are also distinguishing features of plant cells.

Explanation:
Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). Its primary target is the liver, where it acts to raise blood glucose levels. It stimulates glycogenolysis (the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose) and gluconeogenesis (the synthesis of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and glycerol). It also promotes the breakdown of fats (lipolysis) in adipose tissue. It has the opposite effect of insulin.

Explanation:
Pernicious anemia is a specific type of megaloblastic anemia caused by the inability to absorb Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein secreted by the stomach. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function. Its deficiency leads to the production of large, immature, and dysfunctional red blood cells.