The functional unit of the kidney is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The functional unit of the kidney is:

A. Nephron

B. Neuron

C. Alveolus

D. Villus

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, each consisting of a renal corpuscle (glomerulus + Bowman's capsule) and tubules (PCT, loop of Henle, DCT).

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Question #1

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Consider the following statements about the heart:
1. The SA node is the natural pacemaker.
2. The AV node delays the impulse before it passes to ventricles.
3. The Purkinje fibers conduct impulses through the ventricular walls.
Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1, 2, and 3

D. 1 and 3 only

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
All three are correct: SA node initiates impulse, AV node delays it to allow atrial emptying, Purkinje fibers spread impulse through ventricles.

This question belongs to: Science Biology

Question #2

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Consider statements about genetics: 1. DNA is double-stranded. 2. RNA is single-stranded. 3. DNA contains uracil. Which are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) typically exists as a double-stranded helical molecule, with two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds between base pairs. RNA (ribonucleic acid) is generally single-stranded, allowing it to fold into complex three-dimensional shapes necessary for its various functions (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA). DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine; it does not contain uracil, which is found in RNA instead of thymine. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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Question #3

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Identify the correct statement about the blood vessels:

A. Venules are smaller than capillaries.

B. Capillaries have thick muscular walls.

C. Veins have thinner walls and larger lumen than arteries.

D. Arteries have valves.

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Veins have thinner walls and larger lumens; arteries are thick and elastic; capillaries are thin for exchange; venules are larger than capillaries. Valves are in veins.

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