The glomerulus is a cluster of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition where the immune system produces thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs). These autoantibodies bind to and mimic the action of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) on the TSH receptors of the thyroid gland. This continuous, unregulated stimulation causes the thyroid to overproduce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), leading to hyperthyroidism, goiter, and often exophthalmos (bulging eyes).

Explanation:
Typhoid fever is a bacterial disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Ringworm is a superficial fungal infection caused by dermatophytes like Microsporum and Trichophyton. Malaria is not caused by a virus; it is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct, while 2 is false.

Explanation:
Vitamin K is essential for hepatic synthesis of clotting factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X. Deficiency causes prolonged clotting time and easy bruising/bleeding. Vitamin A is for vision, B₁₂ for RBC maturation and nerve function, C for collagen synthesis. Newborns are given vitamin K to prevent hemorrhagic disease.