The glomerulus is a cluster of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The glomerulus is a cluster of:

A. Muscle fibers

B. Neurons

C. Alveolar sacs

D. Capillaries

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

The glomerulus is a tuft of fenestrated capillaries enclosed by the Bowman's capsule in the renal corpuscle. Blood is filtered under high pressure through the capillary walls into the Bowman's space. The filtrate then passes into the nephron tubules. Glomerular filtration is the first step in urine formation.

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Question #1

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Consider the following statements about the human excretory system:
1. ADH increases water reabsorption.
2. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption.
3. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2, and 3

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
All are correct: ADH (water), aldosterone (Na⁺), renin (angiotensinogen cleavage).

This question belongs to: Science Biology

Question #2

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Which of the following is an example of innate immunity?

A. Passive immunity from mother's milk

B. Memory T cells

C. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes

D. Antibodies produced after vaccination

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Innate immunity is the non-specific, inborn defense mechanism present from birth. It includes physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes), physiological barriers (stomach acid, tears), cellular barriers (neutrophils, macrophages), and cytokine barriers (interferons). Antibodies and memory cells are part of acquired (adaptive) immunity.

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Question #3

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The element that is a key component of the thyroid hormones T₃ and T₄ is:

A. Phosphorus

B. Iodine

C. Iron

D. Calcium

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Iodine atoms are incorporated into thyroxine (T₄, 4 iodine atoms) and triiodothyronine (T₃, 3 iodine atoms) synthesized by thyroid follicular cells. Iodine deficiency leads to goiter and hypothyroidism. Iron is in hemoglobin, calcium in bones, phosphorus in ATP and bones.

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