Normal rainwater is slightly acidic (pH ~5.6) due to the dissolution of atmospheric CO2 forming carbonic acid. Acid rain is defined as precipitation with a pH lower than 5.6. It is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which react with water to form stronger sulfuric and nitric acids.
Explanation:
Marble is primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). It reacts with acid rain (containing H₂SO₄ and HNO₃) to form soluble salts, causing erosion: CaCO₃ + H₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + H₂O + CO₂. This is why monuments like Taj Mahal are affected. CaCO₃ is basic, so it neutralizes acid. Restoration and pollution control are needed to protect heritage.
Explanation:
Difference in pH = 3. Each pH unit is a 10-fold change in [H⁺]. So 10³ = 1000 times more acidic. [H⁺] at pH 1 = 10⁻¹ M, at pH 4 = 10⁻⁴ M. Ratio = 10⁻¹ / 10⁻⁴ = 10³ = 1000. pH scale is logarithmic; small changes mean large concentration differences.
Explanation:
Gamma rays are high-energy photons emitted from the nucleus when it transitions from excited state to lower energy state. Alpha/beta decay often leaves nucleus in excited state which emits gamma.
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