The phenomenon where a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits is known as: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The phenomenon where a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits is known as:

A. Epistasis

B. Incomplete dominance

C. Polygenic inheritance

D. Pleiotropy

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene affects two or more distinct phenotypic traits. This happens because the gene product (protein) may be used in multiple biological pathways or expressed in different tissues. Examples include phenylketonuria (PKU), sickle cell anemia, and Marfan syndrome. Epistasis involves the interaction of different genes, polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes affecting one trait, and incomplete dominance is a single gene interaction.

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Question #1

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Which of the following is an example of a monounsaturated fatty acid?

A. Oleic acid

B. Linolenic acid

C. Linoleic acid

D. Stearic acid

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid (one double bond), found in olive oil. Stearic acid is saturated, linoleic acid is polyunsaturated (two double bonds), linolenic acid is polyunsaturated (three double bonds). Unsaturated fats are generally liquid at room temperature and healthier for the heart. Oleic acid is an omega-9 fatty acid.

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Question #2

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What is the botanical name of the common mango plant?

A. Musa paradisiaca

B. Ficus benghalensis

C. Mangifera indica

D. Citrus sinensis

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Mangifera indica is the scientific name of mango. Musa paradisiaca is banana, Citrus sinensis is orange, Ficus benghalensis is banyan tree. The genus Mangifera refers to mango, 'indica' indicates its origin in India. It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. Mango is the national fruit of India. Scientific naming follows binomial nomenclature, with genus and species epithet.

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Question #3

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Consider statements about human diseases: 1. Influenza is caused by a virus. 2. Leprosy is caused by a fungus. 3. Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquito. Which are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 2 and 3 only

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Influenza (flu) is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium and transmitted exclusively by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Leprosy (Hansen's disease) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, not a fungus. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

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