The phenomenon where a single gene mutation affects multiple traits is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The phenomenon where a single gene mutation affects multiple traits is:
A. Epistasis
B. Polygenic inheritance
C. Pleiotropy
D. Codominance
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Pleiotropy is when one gene influences several distinct phenotypic characteristics. Example: sickle cell disease (mutant hemoglobin affects RBC shape, causing anemia, pain, organ damage). Polygenic traits involve many genes, codominance both alleles expressed, epistasis gene interaction.

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Practice More Biology Questions

Question #1
The polysaccharide that forms the major structural component of plant cell walls is:
A. Glycogen
B. Cellulose
C. Starch
D. Chitin

Correct Answer: Option B


Explanation:
Cellulose, a linear polymer of β-D-glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, forms microfibrils that provide tensile strength to plant cell walls. Glycogen is animal storage, starch plant storage, chitin in fungi and arthropods. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth.

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Question #2
The hormone that stimulates the formation of red blood cells is:
A. Interleukin
B. Colony-stimulating factor
C. Thrombopoietin
D. Erythropoietin

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
Erythropoietin (EPO), mainly from kidneys, promotes erythropoiesis in bone marrow. Thrombopoietin stimulates platelets, interleukins are immune cytokines, CSFs for white blood cells. EPO is used to treat anemia.

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Question #3
The vitamin that is a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is:
A. Thiamine (B₁)
B. Niacin (B₃)
C. Riboflavin (B₂)
D. Pyridoxine (B₆)

Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), derived from vitamin B₁, is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Riboflavin is FAD, niacin is NAD, pyridoxine PLP for transamination.

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